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Method for Measurement of Viral Fusion Kinetics at the Single Particle Level
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Physics of self-rolling viruses.

Pedro A Soria Ruiz1, Falko Ziebert1,2, Igor M Kulić3,4

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Influenza viruses can actively roll on surfaces by using their spike proteins as a self-powered motor. This mechano-chemical process, driven by glycan interaction, explains viral movement and survival strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Virology
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Viruses exist at the boundary between inanimate matter and life.
  • Recent studies reveal influenza strains actively roll on glycan surfaces.
  • This rolling behavior was previously hypothesized as viral surface metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physics behind emergent self-rolling states in viruses.
  • To develop a theoretical framework for virus-surface interactions.
  • To quantify stochastic effects influencing viral motion.

Main Methods:

  • Developed scaling arguments to explain the origin of viral motion.
  • Formulated a detailed analytical theory for the virus's mechano-chemical motor.
  • Employed stochastic Gillespie simulations to validate the theory and analyze stochastic effects.
  • Cross-checked previous approximations to ensure robustness of the mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Provided scaling arguments and analytical theory for virus self-rolling.
  • Derived the torque-angular velocity relationship for the self-organized viral motor.
  • Quantified virus detachment and direction reversals using simulations.
  • Demonstrated the robustness of the proposed mechano-chemical motor mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Viral rolling is a statistically inevitable phenomenon when enzymatic activity is present.
  • The proposed mechano-chemical motor model robustly explains observed viral behaviors.
  • This study deepens the understanding of virus-surface interactions and motility.