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Risk Factors for COVID-19 Hospitalization in School-Age Children.

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Obesity and type 1 diabetes significantly increase hospitalization risk for children and adolescents with COVID-19. Social factors like single-parent households also elevate severe COVID-19 risk in pediatric populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The Omicron variant surge led to increased COVID-19 cases in children.
  • Limited US pediatric cohort studies exist on severe COVID-19 clinical features.
  • Identifying risk factors for severe COVID-19 in pediatric populations is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify chronic comorbidities increasing hospitalization risk for pediatric COVID-19 patients.
  • To analyze risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in children and adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using the Texas Inpatient Public Use Data file.
  • Included 1187 pediatric patients (ages 5-19) with COVID-19 diagnosis (ICD-10CM U07.1).
  • Multivariable binary logistic regression controlled for patient characteristics, sociodemographics, and insurance.

Main Results:

  • Obesity and type 1 diabetes increased hospitalization risk for children and adolescents.
  • Adolescents with morbid obesity were 10x more likely to have severe COVID-19 (p < 0.001).
  • Single-parent households, chronic kidney disease, male gender, Medicaid, and charity care were also associated with increased hospitalization risk.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric providers should tailor management for children with identified risk factors.
  • Findings can improve risk communication with families and prioritize prevention, including vaccinations.
  • Public health officials should consider these risk factors for mitigation efforts.