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Breeding an underutilized fruit crop: a long-term program for Hylocereus.

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Dragon fruit (Hylocereus) breeding programs have advanced horticultural potential over three decades. Research yielded improved hybrids through advanced breeding techniques and molecular tools for crop development.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant breeding and genetics
  • Horticultural science
  • Underutilized crops

Background:

  • Hylocereus species (pitaya/dragon fruit) are perennial, underutilized fruit crops.
  • Significant agro-technology and breeding efforts have been undertaken over three decades.
  • Developing the horticultural potential of this crop requires a holistic approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review three decades of Hylocereus breeding and agro-technology development.
  • To highlight the creation of improved hybrids and intergeneric crosses.
  • To discuss the role of molecular tools and genomics in Hylocereus improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization (including Hylocereus and Selenicereus).
  • Embryo rescue, chromosome doubling (in situ and spontaneous), androgenesis, and gynogenesis.
  • Molecular tools, flow cytometry, DNA isolation, and genomics (including draft genome of H. undatus).

Main Results:

  • Development of improved Hylocereus hybrids through advanced breeding techniques.
  • Successful production of intergeneric hybrids and autopolyploid lines.
  • Understanding the effects of ploidy on fruit traits and metabolomic profiles.
  • Establishment of protocols for various biotechnological procedures and a biobank of homozygote lines.

Conclusions:

  • Holistic breeding programs have significantly enhanced the horticultural potential of Hylocereus.
  • Advanced molecular and biotechnological tools are crucial for future crop improvement.
  • Further development of Hylocereus species and hybrids holds promise for the fruit industry.