Inflammatory bowel disease and periodontitis: A retrospective chart analysis

Area of Science:

• Periodontology
• Gastroenterology
• Public Health

Background:

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is associated with various extraintestinal manifestations.
• Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gums, may be influenced by systemic diseases like IBD.
• Understanding the interplay between IBD and periodontitis is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of periodontitis in patients with IBD.
• To examine variations in periodontitis based on sex, age, smoking status, and oral hygiene in CD and UC patients.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective chart analysis of 80 IBD patients from 2013-2019 at the University of Alberta's Oral Health Clinic.
• Data collection included demographic information, smoking history, and periodontal parameters.
• Statistical analysis employed Pearson's χ², Pearson's correlation, and Mann-Whitney U-test using SPSS software.

Main Results:

• IBD patients aged 50-64 exhibited a higher odds ratio for periodontitis.
• No significant association was found between periodontitis and biological sex or smoking history in IBD patients.
• Plaque scores indicated no impact of oral hygiene on periodontitis prevalence, which did not differ between CD and UC.

Conclusions:

• The 50-64 age group with IBD demonstrates an elevated risk for periodontitis.
• Enhanced periodontal surveillance and early intervention are recommended for IBD patients in this age bracket.
• Collaboration between periodontists and gastroenterologists is advised for optimal oral health management in IBD patients.