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Editorial: Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Origin in Children. Is Autoimmunity at Play?

Nahum Mendez-Sanchez1,2, Shreya C Pal1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
|June 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

A global rise in pediatric acute hepatitis cases prompts investigation. Potential causes include adenovirus variants, COVID-19, or coinfections, excluding common hepatitis viruses.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Global outbreak of acute hepatitis in children of unknown etiology.
  • Cases primarily reported in the United Kingdom, with increasing numbers worldwide.
  • Exclusion of common hepatitis viruses A-E through serological testing.

Discussion:

  • Investigating potential viral culprits: adenovirus (including new variants like F41), SARS-CoV-2, Epstein-Barr virus, and rhinovirus.
  • Exploring hypotheses: novel adenovirus variant in immunocompetent children, pediatric COVID-19 manifestation, or enteric adenovirus F41 coinfection.
  • Considering autoimmune hepatitis secondary to viral infection as a contributing factor.

Key Insights:

  • The etiology of this pediatric hepatitis outbreak remains undetermined.
  • Multiple viruses are being investigated, but common hepatitis viruses are not implicated.
  • Adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2 are among the key viruses under scrutiny.

Outlook:

  • Further research is crucial to identify the causative agent(s) of this pediatric hepatitis.
  • Understanding the precise etiological factors will guide clinical management and public health responses.
  • Monitoring the evolving landscape of viral infections in children is essential.

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