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Updated: Sep 7, 2025

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Cardiometabolic multimorbidity accelerates cognitive decline and dementia progression

Abigail Dove1, Anna Marseglia2, Ying Shang3

  • 1Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|June 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Multiple cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) significantly accelerate cognitive decline and increase the risk of cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND), and dementia in older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are individually linked to cognitive decline.
  • The combined impact of multiple CMDs on cognitive health remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cumulative effect of cardiometabolic diseases on cognitive function in older adults.
  • To determine if cardiometabolic multimorbidity accelerates cognitive decline and the onset of dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 2577 dementia-free adults aged 60+ over 12 years.
  • Assessed cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke) and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (≥2 CMDs) at baseline.
  • Utilized linear mixed-effects models, Cox regression, and Laplace regression to analyze cognitive changes and incident cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and dementia.

Main Results:

  • Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was significantly associated with accelerated cognitive decline.
  • Increased risk of CIND (HR 1.73) and dementia (HR 1.86) observed with CMD multimorbidity.
  • CMD multimorbidity advanced the onset of CIND by 2.3 years and dementia by 1.8 years.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiometabolic multimorbidity accelerates cognitive decline and elevates the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.
  • Targeting co-morbid CMDs may be crucial for interventions aimed at preserving cognitive health in aging populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
cardiometabolic diseasecognitive declinecognitive impairmentdementiaheart diseasepopulation‐based cohort studystroketype 2 diabetes

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