Zika virus vertical transmission in mosquitoes: A less understood mechanism

Zika virus disease is a great concern in different parts of the world, and it has become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The global pandemic of ZIKV in 2015 prompted concern among scientific community. Zika is a flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae transmitted by mosquitoes. Natural vertical transmission is an ecological strategy that arboviruses adopt to ensure their survival inside the mosquito vector during harsh conditions or interepidemic periods when horizontal transmission is difficult. ZIKV is vertically transmitted from infected females to its offspring. This review has concluded various studies regarding the vertical transmission ability of different mosquito species for ZIKV. Previously Aedes aegypti was considered to be a major vector, however Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquifasciatus are discovered to have the similar vertical transmission potential. Different studies shown that natural vertical transmission has been detected in mosquito species which are not implicated as possible vectors. It leads to the possibility that many other mosquito species may be potential ZIKV vectors.