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Related Concept Videos

Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

755
Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
755
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

575
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
575
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

1.0K
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
1.0K
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

920
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
920
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management

74
Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
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Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

2.6K
EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on...
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Expert consensus for a national essential antidote list: E-Delphi method.

Dalal Al-Taweel1, Samuel Koshy1, Sara Al-Ansari2

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait.

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Summary

Hospitals in Kuwait now have an essential antidote list developed by experts. This list of 43 antidotes aims to improve patient care and reduce costs by ensuring better availability of critical medications.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Antidote stocking is a global challenge for hospitals, impacting patient care and costs.
  • Establishing an essential antidote list is crucial for ensuring availability in healthcare institutions.
  • Kuwait faces challenges in maintaining adequate supplies of essential antidotes for emergency care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a nationally relevant essential antidote list for emergency care hospitals in Kuwait.
  • To achieve expert consensus on an essential antidote list using the e-Delphi method.
  • To provide a foundation for securing sufficient antidote availability and improving patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the e-Delphi method with a multidisciplinary expert panel (n=30) from Kuwaiti hospitals.
  • Conducted three rounds of electronic surveys to determine consensus on 47 initial antidotes.
  • Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement without strong disagreement on antidote inclusion.

Main Results:

  • An essential antidote list comprising 43 antidotes was successfully developed through expert consensus.
  • Initial voting (Round 1) identified 41 antidotes reaching consensus, with seven new suggestions.
  • Subsequent rounds confirmed consensus, incorporating two additional antidotes for a final list of 43.

Conclusions:

  • The e-Delphi technique effectively consolidated expert recommendations to create an essential antidote list for Kuwait.
  • This essential antidote list serves as a foundational step for optimizing antidote provision in healthcare institutions.
  • Continuous monitoring of poisoning incidence and collaboration are vital for ensuring ongoing antidote availability.