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Extreme events and gender-based violence: a mixed-methods systematic review
Kim Robin van Daalen1, Sarah Savić Kallesøe2, Fiona Davey3
1Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
The Lancet. Planetary Health
|June 16, 2022
Summary
Extreme weather events linked to climate change exacerbate gender-based violence (GBV) against women, girls, and minorities. Findings highlight the need for gender-transformative interventions and better research quality.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Sociology
- Public Health
Background:
- Anthropogenic climate change intensifies extreme weather events globally.
- Extreme weather events disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, including women, girls, and sexual and gender minorities.
- Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant public health and human rights issue exacerbated by crises.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the existing literature on the relationship between extreme weather and climate events and gender-based violence (GBV).
- To synthesize findings on the types of extreme events and GBV forms impacted.
- To identify factors contributing to increased GBV during and after extreme events.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of 41 studies identified from ten databases and grey literature searches up to February 2022.
- Narrative synthesis for quantitative studies and thematic analysis for qualitative studies.
- Inclusion of studies on various extreme events (storms, floods, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires) and GBV forms (sexual violence, physical violence, early marriage, etc.).
Main Results:
- Most studies indicated an increase in GBV forms during or after extreme weather events.
- Contributing factors include economic instability, food insecurity, mental stress, infrastructure disruption, and exacerbated gender inequality.
- Limited inclusion of sexual and gender minorities and predominantly poor-quality quantitative evidence were noted.
Conclusions:
- Extreme weather events significantly correlate with increased gender-based violence.
- Findings underscore the need for gender-transformative interventions and policies to address GBV in climate-related crises.
- High-quality, diverse research is crucial for understanding and mitigating GBV drivers during extreme events.
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