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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Facial Rejuvenation Therapy with Post-Laser Salicylic Acid Application
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Noninvasive Correction of the Aging Forehead.

Malcolm P Chelliah1, Shilpi Khetarpal1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 2049 East 100th Street, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Clinics in Plastic Surgery
|June 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Facial aging involves skin, muscle, fat, and bone changes. Nonsurgical cosmetic treatments, like injectable fillers and neuromodulation, are preferred for brow and periorbital rejuvenation with minimal downtime.

Keywords:
BrowsForeheadNoninvasiveRejuvenationUpper face

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic surgery
  • Dermatology
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Facial aging is a dynamic process affecting skin, muscle, fat, and bone.
  • Patients increasingly prefer non-surgical cosmetic procedures with minimal downtime.
  • The periorbital area is a key focus for rejuvenation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review non-surgical rejuvenation techniques for the brow and periorbital complex.
  • To highlight patient preferences for minimally invasive cosmetic procedures.
  • To discuss the role of injectables in addressing age-related facial changes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current non-surgical cosmetic procedures.
  • Focus on injectable fillers for temple volumization, eyebrow reshaping, and forehead contouring.
  • Discussion of neuromodulation for dynamic rhytids.

Main Results:

  • Injectable fillers and neuromodulation are mainstays for non-surgical facial rejuvenation.
  • Combination of surgical and non-surgical methods can optimize periorbital results.
  • Non-surgical approaches effectively address aging in the brow and periorbital region.

Conclusions:

  • Non-surgical techniques are highly favored for facial rejuvenation.
  • Injectable fillers and neuromodulation offer effective solutions for brow and periorbital aging.
  • Minimally invasive treatments provide significant aesthetic improvements with reduced recovery time.