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Simplified quantum optical Stokes observables and Bell's theorem
Konrad Schlichtholz1, Bianka Woloncewicz2, Marek Żukowski3
1University of Gdansk, International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies (ICTQT), 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland. konrad.schlichtholz@phdstud.ug.edu.pl.
Scientific Reports
|June 16, 2022
Summary
This study introduces simplified Stokes operators for quantum optics, enabling robust Bell inequality violations for squeezed vacuum states. These new observables offer intuitive realization and potential for observing local realism violations across all gain values.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Optics
- Quantum Information Theory
- Quantum Measurement
Background:
- Traditional Stokes operators are essential for describing polarization states in classical and quantum optics.
- Bell inequalities are crucial for testing local realism and demonstrating quantum entanglement.
- Squeezed vacuum states are non-classical states of light with applications in quantum technologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a simplified form of Stokes operators for quantum optical fields.
- To explore the utility of these simplified operators in Bell-type measurements.
- To investigate their effectiveness for states with an undefined photon number, such as squeezed vacuum states.
Main Methods:
- Development of simplified Stokes operators based on photon number measurements and a binning procedure.
- Application of these operators in Bell-type measurements using polarization analyzers.
- Numerical simulations to test violations of Bell inequalities for four-mode squeezed vacuum states.
Main Results:
- The simplified observables, while not possessing all properties of standard Stokes operators, are suitable for Bell measurements.
- These observables demonstrate robust violations of associated Bell inequalities.
- Numerical evidence suggests violations of local realism for four-mode squeezed vacuum states across all pumping powers.
Conclusions:
- The proposed simplified Stokes operators provide an intuitive and effective tool for Bell-type measurements, particularly for non-classical states.
- These observables facilitate robust demonstrations of quantum correlations and violations of local realism.
- The findings open avenues for experimental verification of quantum phenomena using readily implementable techniques.
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