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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro
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Ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate enhances adipocyte function.

Shigeki Nishitani1,2, Atsunori Fukuhara3,4, Issei Tomita5

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Scientific Reports
|June 16, 2022
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Adipocytes produce 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HBA), a ketone body that enhances antioxidant and lipogenic gene expression. This finding highlights 3HBA's role in improving adipocyte function and reducing oxidative stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Ketone bodies, like 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HBA), are derived from fatty acid oxidation.
  • Hmgcs2 is the key rate-limiting enzyme in ketogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Hmgcs2 and 3HBA in adipose tissue and adipocytes.
  • To determine the effects of 3HBA on adipocyte gene expression and oxidative stress.

Main Methods:

  • Database analysis
  • In vivo and in vitro experiments
  • Adipocyte culture, Hmgcs2 knockdown, and overexpression studies

Main Results:

  • Adipocytes express Hmgcs2 and produce/secrete 3HBA.
  • 3HBA treatment enhanced PPARγ and lipogenic gene expression, reducing ROS levels.
  • Hmgcs2 knockdown decreased 3HBA and antioxidant/lipogenic factors, increasing ROS; overexpression had opposite effects.

Conclusions:

  • Adipocytes are a source of 3HBA.
  • 3HBA plays a significant role in enhancing adipocyte physiological functions, including antioxidative stress and lipogenesis.