Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...

Phase Changes

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comprehensive study on the origin of orthorhombic phase stabilization in Gd-doped HfO<sub>2</sub> and DFT calculations.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2023

Same author

Probing the solute-drag effect and its role in stabilizing the orthorhombic phase in bulk La-doped HfO<sub>2</sub> by X-ray and gamma ray spectroscopy.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2021

Same author

Martensitic phase transformation in TiNi.

Scientific reports·2019

Same author

Developing public health indicators in complex emergency response.

Prehospital and disaster medicine·2002

Same author

Cervical seat belt sign after motor vehicle collision.

Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·1997

Same author

Acute infections of the ear.

Burma medical journal·1961

Same journal

MT-MRI for detection of renal interstitial fibrosis in renovascular disease.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Detection of underground objects from GPR data using a lightweight YOLO-based approach.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Early systemic inflammatory-metabolic trajectory phenotypes are associated with survival outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Water balance components in a dry-seeded rice-wheat system: Untangling the effects of tillage and mulching practices.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Topological approaches to quantum tensor train compression via ZX-calculus and SVD.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

determinants of flood impacts and adaptive capacity among market vendors in Walukuba-Masese, Jinja city, Uganda.

Scientific reports·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Temperature induced phase transformation in Co.

R Sewak^1,2, C C Dey^3,4, D Toprek⁵

¹Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India.

Scientific Reports

|June 16, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cobalt

More Related Videos

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

The phase transformation behavior of cobalt (Co) between hexagonal close-packed (hcp) and face-centered cubic (fcc) phases is crucial for understanding its magnetic and structural properties.
Previous studies reported conflicting data regarding the temperature-dependent stability of hcp and fcc cobalt phases.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the temperature-dependent phase transformation behavior of cobalt.
To re-examine the stability ranges of hcp and fcc cobalt phases.
To provide new theoretical interpretations for cobalt phase transformations.

Main Methods:

Perturbed angular correlation (PAC) measurements were employed to study cobalt phase transformations.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the full potential (linearized) augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method were performed.
Hyperfine magnetic fields at Ta impurity atoms were calculated and compared with experimental data.

Main Results:

The hcp phase of cobalt was found to be predominant at both low temperatures (298 K) and high temperatures (973 K).
The fcc phase was stabilized around 500 K, contradicting earlier findings.
Experimental hyperfine magnetic fields for hcp and fcc Co at room temperature were measured to be 18.7(6) T and 12.8(3) T, respectively.
DFT calculations corroborated the experimental findings for hyperfine magnetic fields in both hcp and fcc cobalt phases.

Conclusions:

The study reveals a revised understanding of temperature-dependent phase stability in cobalt, with hcp stabilization at both low and high temperatures.
Experimental results challenge previous models of cobalt phase transformation, necessitating new theoretical interpretations.
The agreement between experimental PAC measurements and DFT calculations validates the revised understanding of magnetic properties in different cobalt phases.