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Cell-wall microdomain remodeling controls crucial developmental processes.

Bastien G Dauphin1, Philippe Ranocha1, Christophe Dunand1

  • 1Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France.

Trends in Plant Science
|June 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant cell walls have specialized regions called cell-wall microdomains. These domains, regulated by homogalacturonan and oxidoreductases, control wall properties crucial for plant development.

Keywords:
cell-wall loosening/softeningcell-wall molecular scaffoldscell-wall stiffeningcell-wall territorieshomogalacturonan demethylesterificationoxidoreductases

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plant cell walls exhibit complex structures at both cellular and subcellular levels.
  • Specific wall compositions are essential for localized loosening, softening, or stiffening, impacting plant development.
  • Previous research used varied terminology for these specialized wall regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To unify the concept of specialized subcellular wall regions under the term 'cell-wall microdomains'.
  • To review the occurrence and developmental roles of these microdomains across different plant cell types.
  • To highlight key molecular players involved in establishing and regulating cell-wall microdomains.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cell-wall composition and remodeling.
  • Analysis of the roles of homogalacturonan (HG) demethylesterification patterns.
  • Examination of the functions of class III peroxidases (CIII PRXs) and laccases (LACs).

Main Results:

  • Cell-wall microdomains are defined by local polymer composition and organization.
  • Fine-tuning of HG demethylesterification patterns is critical for microdomain function.
  • Specific CIII PRXs and LACs, along with their molecular scaffolds, actively remodel the cell wall.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-wall microdomains are fundamental to localized cell wall modifications.
  • Homogalacturonan modification and oxidoreductases are key regulators of wall properties.
  • Understanding microdomains provides insight into plant cell development and wall dynamics.