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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Area of Science:

  • Condensed-matter physics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Extending nanostructures into the third dimension is crucial for exploring geometry- and topology-induced phenomena.
  • Superconducting 3D nanoarchitectures exhibit complex behaviors like magnetic field inhomogeneity and non-trivial Meissner current topology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate topological transitions in the dynamics of vortices and order parameter phase slips.
  • To analyze these phenomena in open superconductor nanotubes subjected to modulated transport currents.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation for theoretical investigation.
  • Analyzed voltage spectra using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).

Main Results:

  • Identified two distinct voltage regimes based on the tube's normal or superconducting state.
  • Revealed a complex interplay between vortices, phase-slip regions, and screening currents influencing the FFT voltage spectrum.
  • Unveiled novel dynamical states including paraxial and azimuthal phase-slip regions, their branching, and coexistence with vortices.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated novel dynamical states in open superconductor nanotubes.
  • Showcased the ability to control these states through superimposed direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac) stimuli.
  • Advanced the understanding of vortex dynamics and phase-slip phenomena in complex 3D superconducting nanoarchitectures.