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Improving Technology to Diagnose Tuberculous Meningitis: Are We There Yet?
Kenneth Ssebambulidde1, Jane Gakuru1, Jayne Ellis1,2
1Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Frontiers in Neurology
|June 17, 2022
Summary
Diagnosing tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult due to limited diagnostic tools. New technologies show promise for improving early detection and patient outcomes in TBM diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) diagnosis is challenging, lacking highly sensitive and specific tests.
- Current diagnostic approaches combine clinical, microbiological, molecular, and radiological methods, often with limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current diagnostic landscape for TBM.
- To highlight limitations in existing TBM diagnostic tests.
- To explore emerging technologies for improved TBM diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on TBM diagnostics.
- Analysis of limitations including test performance, cost, infrastructure, and expertise.
- Overview of novel diagnostic technologies.
Main Results:
- Existing diagnostics, including molecular tests like GeneXpert MTB/Rif Ultra, have limitations in definitively ruling out TBM.
- Diagnostic challenges persist due to test performance, cost, and resource availability.
Conclusions:
- Despite advancements, TBM diagnosis remains difficult.
- Promising technologies like CSF lactate, FujiLAM, metagenomic sequencing, and transcriptomics may enhance diagnostic capacity.
- Improved diagnostics are crucial for better TBM patient outcomes.
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