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Overcrowding in prisons and forensic psychiatric hospitals impacts security, therapy, and rehabilitation. Thoughtful architectural design can improve well-being and support rehabilitation goals even in limited spaces.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Psychiatry
  • Criminology
  • Architecture

Background:

  • The spatial dimensions of liberty deprivation and psychiatric hospitalization are complex.
  • Increasing prisoner and patient numbers highlight challenges in security, therapy, and rehabilitation due to scarce or unsuitable space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on spaces within prisons and forensic psychiatric wards.
  • To examine the relationship between overcrowding, violence, and architectural foundations.
  • To explore how spatial design influences well-being and rehabilitation in secure institutions.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of recent research findings.
  • Analysis of links between overcrowding and violence.
  • Assessment of architectural foundations and spatial design impacts.

Main Results:

  • Overcrowding in prisons and secure forensic psychiatric hospitals is linked to increased violence.
  • Prison and hospital architecture significantly influences the well-being of occupants.
  • Effective spatial design can support rehabilitation goals despite overcrowding.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial design is a critical factor in ensuring security, therapy, and rehabilitation in secure environments.
  • Architectural considerations are essential for improving well-being and achieving rehabilitation goals in overcrowded institutions.