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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

19
Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
19
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

28
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
28
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

36
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
36
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

26
The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
26
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

19
Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
19
Layers of the Heart Wall01:15

Layers of the Heart Wall

3.2K
The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
The myocardium, the thickest layer, consists of cardiac muscle cells interconnected by intercalated discs and crisscrossing connective tissue fibers. These muscle fibers contract...
3.2K

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Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava
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Industrial Processing Induces Pericardial Patch Degeneration.

Armin Darius Peivandi1, Sven Martens1, Barbara Heitplatz2

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.

Frontiers in Surgery
|June 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Industrial processing alters pericardial tissue structure, potentially harming graft longevity in pediatric reconstructive surgery. Careful surgical implantation of xenografts is recommended.

Keywords:
congenital heart surgerydegenerationhistopathologyindustrial processingpatches

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Autologous pericardium is the gold standard for pediatric reconstructive surgery.
  • Processed bovine, equine, and porcine pericardial tissues are common alternatives.
  • This study investigates structural differences and processing-induced alterations in pericardial tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the structural integrity of native and industrially processed pericardial tissues.
  • To analyze alterations in collagen and elastic fibers due to processing.
  • To evaluate human and equine pericardium explants for signs of degeneration and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Histological staining (HE, EvG) to visualize collagen and elastic fibers.
  • Light and polarization microscopy for structural analysis.
  • Immunohistochemistry (CD 3, CD 20, CD 68) to detect inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Native pericardium thickness varied by species; bovine was thickest.
  • Industrial processing loosened the collagen network and increased tissue thickness.
  • Processed tissues showed reduced birefringence, indicating structural changes.
  • Patient explants revealed fibrosis, calcification, and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Industrially processed pericardium differs significantly from native tissue.
  • Degeneration begins during processing, potentially impacting graft longevity.
  • A meticulous surgical approach is crucial when implanting pericardial xenografts in children.