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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Predictors of Early Onset Glaucoma.

Jeffrey Wooliscroft1, Rubeel Akram1, Hafsa Zuberi1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
|June 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (DM2) and hypertension (HTN) is linked to the early onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). These findings enhance understanding of POAG risk factors.

Keywords:
hypertensionmigraineobstructive sleep apneaonset of glaucomaprimary open-angle glaucomatype 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
  • Understanding risk factors for POAG onset is crucial for early detection and intervention.
  • Comorbidities like hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes (DM2) are common in the general population and may influence POAG development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes (DM2), migraine, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the age of onset for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  • To enhance the predictive accuracy of POAG onset by analyzing the contribution of these common comorbidities.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 389 patients diagnosed with POAG.
  • Data collected via medical records review and phone surveys.
  • Stepwise multiple regression analysis used to assess the relative contribution of HTN and DM2 diagnosis age to POAG diagnosis age, considering different patient subgroups.

Main Results:

  • Earlier age at diagnosis for DM2 was significantly associated with an earlier age of POAG onset (p=0.001).
  • Earlier age at diagnosis for HTN was also associated with an earlier age of POAG onset (p=0.04).
  • Asian race/ethnicity was associated with early POAG onset (p=0.033); OSA and migraine showed no significant influence.

Conclusions:

  • The age of diagnosis for type 2 diabetes and hypertension are significant predictors of early primary open-angle glaucoma onset.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering DM2 and HTN in the risk assessment for POAG, particularly in younger patients.