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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Published on: June 21, 2022

Visual neuroprosthesis: present and future perspectives.

Jan Lestak¹, Jiri Chod², Jozef Rosina¹

¹Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic.

Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia

|June 17, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reviews bionic eye technologies for vision loss, highlighting their limitations. It proposes novel, non-invasive methods to stimulate the visual cortex for restoring sight.

Keywords:

age-related macular degeneration electrophysiological methods functional magnetic resonance imaging pigmentary retinopathy visual neuroprosthesis

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Vision loss due to retinal diseases like pigmentary retinopathy (PR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects the entire visual pathway.
Current bionic eye technologies face limitations in fully restoring vision.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of current bionic eye replacements for lost vision.
To identify deficiencies in existing vision restoration technologies.
To explore non-invasive stimulation methods for the visual cortex.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on vision replacement systems.
Analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electrophysiological data.
Examination of image processing technologies for brain stimulation.

Main Results:

Current vision replacement strategies include intraocular implants, optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual cortex stimulation.
Pathology extends beyond primary cellular damage to interconnected structures in the visual pathway.
A novel, patented non-invasive transcranial stimulation method is proposed for undamaged brain areas.

Conclusions:

Existing bionic eye solutions have significant deficiencies.
Non-invasive stimulation of the visual cortex offers a promising alternative for vision restoration.
Further research into advanced image processing and brain stimulation is crucial.