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Charon's refractory factory.

Ujjwal Raut1,2,3, Benjamin D Teolis1,2,3, Joshua A Kammer2

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Plutonian methane photolysis on Charon creates a latitude-dependent refractory distribution, explaining observed darkening. Complex refractories form at mid-latitudes, while polar regions may develop redder materials from solar wind radiolysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Astrochemistry
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Charon, Pluto's largest moon, exhibits a unique albedo pattern with darker polar regions.
  • The composition and distribution of surface materials on Charon are not fully understood.
  • Methane is present in the outer solar system, and its interaction with stellar radiation is a key process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the photolytic processes affecting methane on Charon.
  • To explain the observed poleward darkening on Charon.
  • To determine the composition and distribution of photoproducts generated from methane.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments simulating photolysis of methane under Charon-like conditions.
  • Exospheric modeling to predict the distribution of photolytic products.
  • Analysis of New Horizons mission imagery for surface albedo patterns.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic Ly-α photolysis of methane generates photolytic refractories on Charon.
  • The distribution of these refractories increases with latitude, consistent with poleward darkening.
  • The flux ratio (φ) of methane to Ly-α photons controls photoproduct composition, with complex refractories at mid-latitudes and ethane at high latitudes.

Conclusions:

  • Methane photolysis is a significant process shaping Charon's surface.
  • Ethane, a primary photoproduct at high latitudes, does not explain the polar red hue.
  • Solar wind radiolysis of polar frost post-sunrise may synthesize the observed redder, complex refractories, explaining Charon's unique albedo.