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Do Direct Detection Experiments Constrain Axionlike Particles Coupled to Electrons?

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Area of Science:

  • Particle physics
  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Laboratory experiments have set limits on axionlike particles (ALPs) as dark matter candidates.
  • These limits assume ALPs have feeble couplings to electrons and masses in the keV to MeV range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the viability of ALPs as dark matter based on their decay properties.
  • To assess the impact of ALP radiative decay on existing experimental limits.
  • To compare laboratory limits with astrophysical constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing the radiative decay of ALPs into photons.
  • Calculating ALP lifetimes as a function of mass and coupling strength.
  • Comparing ALP lifetimes with the age of the Universe.
  • Examining astrophysical constraints from X-ray and gamma-ray observations.

Main Results:

  • For a significant parameter space, ALPs have lifetimes shorter than the age of the Universe.
  • This finding invalidates ALPs as dark matter in these regions.
  • Astrophysical constraints from X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy are more stringent than laboratory limits for dark matter ALPs in the 6 keV to 1 MeV mass range.

Conclusions:

  • Published laboratory limits from experiments like GERDA, Edelweiss-III, SuperCDMS, and Majorana need reinterpretation.
  • Astrophysical observations provide stronger constraints on dark matter ALPs in the specified mass range.
  • Model-independent conclusions hold unless significant fine-tuning is introduced in theoretical models.