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Overview of the Cytoskeleton
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Multiple roles for the cytoskeleton in ALS.

Xinbei Liu1, Jessica L Henty-Ridilla2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States of America.

Experimental Neurology
|June 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves over sixty genes, but its onset mechanisms and treatments remain elusive. This review focuses on eight key genes affecting the neuronal cytoskeleton, a crucial but understudied area in ALS pathogenesis.

Keywords:
ActinAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)CytoskeletonMicrotubules

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with over sixty identified causative genes.
  • Despite genetic discoveries, the precise mechanisms of ALS onset, cure, and effective treatments are unknown.
  • Current research categorizes ALS-related proteins into four disrupted processes: proteostasis, mitochondrial function/ROS, nucleic acid regulation, and cytoskeletal dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties and studies of eight genes directly impacting neuronal cytoskeleton function in ALS.
  • To highlight the under-explored role of the neuronal cytoskeleton in ALS pathogenesis.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on genes essential for motor neuron health and survival in the context of ALS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on specific ALS-related genes.
  • Analysis of gene functions related to cytoskeleton properties.
  • Synthesis of research exploring the contribution of individual genes to ALS.

Main Results:

  • Eight genes (TUBA4A, SPAST, KIF5A, DCTN1, NF, PRPH, ALS2, PFN1) are identified as directly regulating cytoskeleton function.
  • These genes are critical for the health and survival of motor neurons.
  • The contribution of the neuronal cytoskeleton to ALS mechanisms is comparatively under-explored.

Conclusions:

  • The neuronal cytoskeleton plays a vital role in motor neuron health and is implicated in ALS.
  • Further research into the eight identified cytoskeletal genes is crucial for understanding ALS.
  • Exploring cytoskeletal dynamics offers a promising avenue for uncovering ALS mechanisms and potential treatments.