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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
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Immunotherapy in Sarcoma: Where Do Things Stand?

Cristiam Moreno Tellez1, Yan Leyfman2, Sandra P D'Angelo3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Mailstop 8117, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
|June 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunotherapy shows promise for specific sarcoma types like alveolar soft part sarcoma. Research is ongoing to improve treatment efficacy and identify biomarkers for better patient selection in sarcoma immunotherapy.

Keywords:
Adoptive cellular therapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmunotherapySoft tissue sarcomaTertiary lymphoid structureTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Early immunotherapy trials for unselected sarcomas yielded disappointing results.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate notable efficacy in specific sarcoma subtypes, including alveolar soft part sarcoma, cutaneous angiosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (dLPS).
  • Adoptive cellular therapies targeting cancer testis antigens show potential, particularly in synovial sarcoma (SS) and myxoid/round cell liposarcomas due to reliable target expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and past clinical efforts in sarcoma immunotherapy.
  • To discuss the immunological characteristics of sarcomas, particularly their "cold" nature.
  • To explore ongoing research into combination therapies and novel targets for adoptive cellular therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical trials and research on sarcoma immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of immunological factors influencing treatment response.
  • Investigation into potential biomarkers for patient selection.

Main Results:

  • While overall response rates are low, certain sarcoma subtypes show remarkable efficacy with ICIs.
  • Sarcomas are often immunologically "cold," limiting response to immunotherapy.
  • Ongoing trials focus on combination therapies and novel adoptive cellular therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Specific sarcoma subtypes exhibit promising responses to immunotherapy, particularly ICIs.
  • Overcoming immune evasion through combination therapies and identifying predictive biomarkers are crucial for advancing sarcoma immunotherapy.
  • Further research is needed to optimize treatment strategies and patient selection for immunotherapy in sarcomas.