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Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective

Libny Martínez-Valdez1, Vesta Richardson López Collada2, Luis Enrique Castro-Ceronio1

  • 1Coordinación del Servicio de Guardería, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

BMJ Open
|June 17, 2022
PubMed

Insights

In Mexico, infants under one year old with COVID-19 face higher hospitalization and death risks. Adolescents with comorbidities also experience more severe outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 significantly impacts global child populations.
  • Understanding pediatric COVID-19 epidemiology in Mexico is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the epidemiology of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in Mexican children under 18.
  • To identify risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical study design.
  • Utilized Mexican Ministry of Health open databases (March 2020 - September 2021).
  • Analyzed COVID-19 cases in children under 18, focusing on hospitalizations, deaths, comorbidities, and demographic factors.

Main Results:

  • Children under 18 represented 5.5% of national COVID-19 cases.
  • Infants (<1 year) had the highest case fatality rate (4.2%).
  • Risk factors for hospitalization included male sex, pneumonia, immunosuppression, cardiovascular disease, and age <1 year. Risk factors for death included comorbidities, age <1 year, pneumonia, and indigenous adolescent status.

Conclusions:

  • Infants (<1 year) with COVID-19 in Mexico exhibit a significantly higher risk of hospitalization and mortality.
  • Adolescents with COVID-19 and pre-existing comorbidities are more prone to adverse outcomes.
  • Findings highlight the need for specific public health strategies for vulnerable pediatric groups in Mexico.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19epidemiologypaediatrics

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