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Epigenetic marks for mitigating abiotic stresses in plants.

Shahid Ali1, Naeem Khan2, Yulin Tang1

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.

Journal of Plant Physiology
|June 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Plants adapt to environmental changes through epigenetic modifications, which regulate gene expression and enhance stress tolerance. Understanding these mechanisms, like DNA methylation and histone alterations, aids crop improvement strategies.

Keywords:
Abiotic stressChromatin remodlersDNA methylationHistone modificationsMetabolitesNon-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Abiotic stressors significantly impact agricultural productivity.
  • Plants possess adaptive mechanisms involving genetic and epigenetic regulation to respond to environmental cues.
  • Understanding plant molecular responses to abiotic stress is crucial amidst global environmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on epigenetic modifications in plant responses to environmental stressors.
  • To highlight the functional relevance of epigenetic marks in regulating plant stress tolerance.
  • To explore specific epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing research on plant epigenetic responses to abiotic stress.
  • Analysis of the roles of DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and chromatin remodeling.
  • Consideration of the impact of epigenetic changes on effector genes and stress tolerance.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications are vital for controlling gene expression and chromatin status in plants under stress.
  • Specific epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, play key roles in stress adaptation.
  • Epigenetic changes directly influence effector genes, thereby impacting a plant's ability to tolerate stress.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of plant epigenetic mechanisms is essential for developing sustainable crop improvement strategies.
  • Epigenetic insights can guide plant breeders in creating more resilient crops.
  • Genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas offer advanced tools for agricultural genetic engineering.