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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

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Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
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Comparative Excretory Systems02:24

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Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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The Nitrogen Cycle

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers
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Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers

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Ammonia mitigation potential in an optimized crop-layer production system.

Zhilong He1, Ying Zhang2, Xuejun Liu1

  • 1National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|June 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Implementing optimized crop-layer systems significantly reduces ammonia (NH3) emissions. This integrated approach, using low crude protein feed and improved manure management, can cut emissions by up to 56%.

Keywords:
Composing additiveCrop-layer systemLow crude proteinManure substitutionNH(3) emissions

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Last Updated: Sep 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Ammonia (NH3) emissions from livestock and crop production significantly impact air quality.
  • Previous research often examined mitigation strategies in isolation, lacking a holistic view of integrated crop-livestock systems.
  • There is a need for systematic evaluation of NH3 mitigation potential within coupled agricultural systems using in situ data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate an optimal integrated crop-layer production system for significant NH3 emission mitigation.
  • To assess the effectiveness of specific management strategies at different stages of the production cycle.
  • To quantify the overall reduction in NH3 emissions per unit of agricultural output.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a low crude protein (LCP) feed for layer hens.
  • Composting of manure with specific additives to reduce emissions.
  • Substitution of manure with optimized fertilization in a summer maize-winter wheat cropping system.
  • In situ measurements to quantify NH3 reduction at each stage and overall.

Main Results:

  • Low crude protein (LCP) feed reduced NH3 emissions by 14% at the housing stage.
  • Manure composting with additives achieved NH3 emission reductions of 16%-46%.
  • Optimized field application of fertilizers reduced NH3 emissions by 35%-44%.
  • The integrated system achieved a 48% reduction in NH3 per egg and 56% per grain.

Conclusions:

  • An integrated crop-layer system with optimized management strategies can halve NH3 emissions.
  • The proposed mitigation approaches are feasible and can be promoted across agricultural regions.
  • Technological, policy, and economic support are crucial for widespread adoption and sustainable agriculture development.