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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Neurosurgery in canine epilepsy.

Daisuke Hasegawa1, Miyoko Saito2, Masato Kitagawa3

  • 1Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; The Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|June 18, 2022
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Summary

Veterinary epilepsy surgery, a specialized form of functional neurosurgery for drug-resistant epilepsy, is emerging. While established in humans, canine epilepsy surgery mainly involves corpus callosotomy for generalized seizures, with other options still experimental.

Keywords:
Disconnection surgeryDogDrug-resistant epilepsyEpilepsy surgeryResection surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary neurosurgery
  • Comparative neurology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Epilepsy surgery is a well-established treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy in human medicine.
  • Intracranial neurosurgical techniques are increasingly common in veterinary practice.
  • There is growing interest in applying epilepsy surgery to veterinary patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current standards of intracranial epilepsy surgery in human medicine.
  • To describe the current status and future expectations of epilepsy surgery in veterinary medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human medical literature on epilepsy surgery standards.
  • Analysis of current veterinary neurosurgical practices and case reports.
  • Discussion of potential advancements in presurgical evaluation and surgical techniques.

Main Results:

  • Intracranial epilepsy surgery includes resection (cortical resection, lobectomy, lesionectomy) and disconnection (corpus callosotomy, multiple subpial transection).
  • Corpus callosotomy is an available disconnection surgery for generalized epilepsy in dogs.
  • Resection and other disconnection surgeries for focal epilepsy in dogs are largely limited to experimental settings or anecdotal reports.

Conclusions:

  • Veterinary epilepsy surgery is an underdeveloped but promising field.
  • Advancements in presurgical evaluations, including electroencephalography and neuroimaging, are crucial for its development.
  • Further research and clinical application are needed to establish epilepsy surgery as a routine option for drug-resistant epilepsy in animals.