Color alterations, flexural strength, and microhardness of 3D printed resins for fixed provisional restoration using...

To evaluate the effect of post-curing times on the color change, flexural strength (FS), modulus (FM) and microhardness at different depths of four 3D printed resins.

A characterization of the light emitted by 3D-resin post-curing unit (Wash and Cure 2.0, Anycubic) was performed. The tested 3D printed resins were Cosmos Temp3D (COS), SmartPrint BioTemp (SM) Resilab3D Temp (RES) and Prizma3D BioProv (PRI) were evaluated under five different post-curing conditions (no post-curing or 5-, 10-, 15, and 20 min of post-curing). For color change analysis, 10 mm diameter x 1 mm thick discs (n = 7) were printed, and the luminosity, color and translucency were measured before post-curing as control, and repeatedly after 5 min cycles of post-curing until a total of 20 min was reached for ΔE₀₀ [CIED2000 (1:1:1)] calculation. For FS and FM, 25 × 2×2 mm (n = 10, for each post-curing time) 3D printed bars were subjected to a 3-point being test. Knoop microhardness (KHN) was measured transversally on 5 × 5×5 mm blocks (n = 10, for each post-curing time). Color results were analyzed by one-way repeated measures ANOVA (factor: color change). FS and FM were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (factors: Material*Post-Curing Time). KHN was analyzed individually for each material by two-way ANOVA (factors: Depth*Post-Curing Time).

The post-curing time significantly influenced the ΔE_00, FS, FM and KHN of all the evaluated materials. COS and SMA presented ΔE₀₀ values above the acceptability threshold after 5 and 10 min of post-curing, respectively. The FS of RES reached a plateau after 5 min of post-curing, and for PRI and SMA, the FS stabilized after 10 min of post-curing. The post-curing process improved the KHN of the tested materials, and longer exposure periods were associated to higher KHN values at all the evaluated depths.

A fine adjustment of the post-curing time is crucial to produce adequate mechanical properties in 3D-printed restorative resins, while minimizing the color alterations on the restorations. For the evaluated resins, 5-10 min of post-curing will result in adequate mechanical properties, without affecting the acceptability in the color of the material. However, the results are material-dependent, and evaluation of each specific resin is advised.