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An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three widely used types of experimental design - pre-experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi-experimental design. In pre-experimental design, the researcher compares the data before and after some interventions or treatments. The true-experimental design has more than one purposefully created group, a commonly measured...
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A mobile-based pregaming drinking prevention intervention for college students: study protocol for a randomized

Eric R Pedersen1, Justin F Hummer2, Jordan P Davis3

  • 1Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States. Eric.Pedersen@med.usc.edu.

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
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PubMed
Summary

This study introduces Pregaming Awareness in College Environments (PACE), a mobile intervention designed to reduce heavy drinking and negative consequences associated with college student pregaming. PACE aims to equip students with harm reduction and cognitive behavioral skills for safer drinking practices.

Keywords:
AlcoholInterventionNormative feedbackPredrinkingPrepartyingYoung adults

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Mobile Health (mHealth)

Background:

  • Pregaming is a prevalent, high-risk behavior among college students, often leading to elevated blood alcohol levels and negative consequences.
  • Existing general interventions are ineffective for pregaming, highlighting the need for tailored, context-specific solutions.
  • No pregaming-specific interventions have been developed, despite over 15 years of research identifying it as a high-risk behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test the efficacy of a brief, mobile-based intervention (PACE) to prevent heavy drinking during college student pregaming.
  • To reduce alcohol-related consequences by equipping students with harm reduction and cognitive behavioral skills unique to the pregaming context.
  • To assess the potential of a scalable, easily-disseminated intervention for widespread use in college settings.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Pregaming Awareness in College Environments (PACE) intervention, combining a mobile app with personalized, evidence-based content.
  • A preliminary randomized controlled trial involving 500 college students who engage in pregaming at least weekly.
  • Assessment of pregaming, general drinking, and alcohol-related consequences at immediate (2 weeks) and short-term (6 and 14 weeks) follow-ups, with moderator analyses for age, sex, and drinking heaviness.

Main Results:

  • The PACE intervention was developed and beta-tested, integrating mobile accessibility with personalized harm reduction and cognitive behavioral strategies.
  • A preliminary randomized controlled trial is proposed to evaluate the efficacy of PACE in reducing heavy drinking and negative consequences.
  • Outcomes including pregaming behavior, general drinking patterns, and alcohol-related consequences will be measured at multiple time points post-intervention.

Conclusions:

  • The PACE mobile intervention has the potential to significantly reduce heavy drinking and associated harms among college students.
  • If efficacious, PACE could be widely disseminated as a clinical tool for college counseling centers or a preventive measure for high-risk student groups.
  • This intervention addresses a critical gap in college alcohol harm reduction by providing a tailored, accessible solution for pregaming behaviors.