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Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
Published on: February 3, 2013
Immunoglobulin heavy-chain loci in ancient allotetraploid goldfish
Linmei Han1, Jihong Li1, Wen Wang1
1State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
As an ancient allotetraploid species, goldfish (Carassius auratus) have two sets of subgenomes. In this study, immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IGH) genes were cloned from the red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.), and the corresponding loci were identified in the gynogenetic diploid red crucian carp (GRCC) genome as well as the genomes of three other goldfish strains (Wakin, G-12, and CaTCV-1). Examination showed that each goldfish strain possessed two sets of parallel IGH loci: a complete IGHA locus and a degenerated IGHB locus that was nearly 40 × smaller. In the IGHA locus, multiple τ chain loci were arranged in tandem between the μ&δ chain locus and the variable genes, but no τ-like genes were found in the IGHB locus.
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