"Triangular QRS-ST-T waveform ECG pattern" during SARS-CoV-2 infection in a paediatric case with multiple...

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pediatric Electrophysiology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• The "shark fin sign" is a rare electrocardiography (ECG) pattern characterized by a triangular QRS-ST-T waveform.
• This finding is typically associated with high mortality and coronary occlusion in adult patients.
• Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, often caused by viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the first pediatric case of the "shark fin sign" (triangular waveform ECG pattern).
• To investigate the association between this ECG pattern, myocarditis, and COVID-19 infection in a child.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a pediatric patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of cardiac involvement during COVID-19 infection.
• Electrocardiography (ECG) analysis to identify the characteristic triangular QRS-ST-T waveform.
• Clinical and laboratory investigations to diagnose myocarditis and its potential cause.

Main Results:

• The pediatric patient exhibited a distinct "triangular waveform electrocardiography pattern" (shark fin sign).
• The ECG findings were attributed to acute myocarditis in the context of COVID-19 infection.
• This case represents a novel presentation of the shark fin sign in a pediatric population.

Conclusions:

• The "shark fin sign" can occur in pediatric patients with myocarditis, particularly during COVID-19 infection.
• This ECG finding in children may indicate severe cardiac inflammation and warrants urgent investigation.
• This case expands the known clinical spectrum of the triangular waveform ECG pattern beyond adult coronary occlusion.