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This study found significant gaps in the internal validity of resistance training research in sport sciences. Improving randomization, blinding, and reporting of attrition are crucial for future studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • Internal validity is critical for reliable research findings in sport sciences.
  • Previous systematic reviews indicate a lack of attention to internal validity in primary research.
  • Resistance training research often lacks rigorous methodological standards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the methodological procedures and assess the internal validity of studies examining resistance training effects on athlete performance.
  • To identify common threats to internal validity in current sport science literature.
  • To provide recommendations for improving the quality of future research in strength and conditioning.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science databases.
  • Assessment of internal validity using the PEDro scale for 133 selected peer-reviewed studies.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on resistance training interventions in healthy athletes aged 18-65, reporting performance outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Only 68% of studies used random allocation, with just one reporting concealed allocation.
  • Baseline data and adequate follow-up were reported in approximately 69% and 38% of studies, respectively.
  • Intention-to-treat analysis and blinding of assessors were poorly reported, with only 1.5% adherence for each.

Conclusions:

  • Significant deficiencies exist in the internal validity of primary research in sport sciences, particularly in strength and conditioning.
  • Key areas for improvement include randomization, allocation concealment, assessor blinding, and reporting of participant attrition.
  • Addressing these methodological gaps is essential to enhance the reliability and validity of research on resistance training interventions.