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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Engineering Education via WebVR-Based Online Laboratories

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Published on: February 23, 2024

Remote work as a new normal? The technology-organization-environment (TOE) context.

Peggy M L Ng¹, Kam Kong Lit², Cherry T Y Cheung³

¹College of Professional and Continuing Education, CPCE, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.

Technology in Society

|June 20, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Remote work effectiveness is driven by technological competence, government support, work flexibility, and employee attitude. Successful remote work boosts job performance without increasing emotional exhaustion.

Keywords:

Emotional exhaustion Job performance Remote work Technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework Theory of planned behaviour

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Area of Science:

Organizational Behavior
Human Resource Management
Information Systems

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic normalized remote work, yet its influencing factors and impact on job performance and emotional exhaustion remain under-investigated.
Existing research lacks a comprehensive understanding of the drivers and consequences of remote work effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate factors influencing remote work effectiveness and outcomes.
To examine the relationships between remote work, job performance, and emotional exhaustion.
To apply the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework and theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to remote work.

Main Methods:

An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with knowledge workers in Hong Kong.
The study utilized the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework and theory of planned behaviour (TPB).
Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant predictors and associations.

Main Results:

External factors (technological competence, government support) and internal factors (work flexibility, attitude, perceived behavioral control) significantly predict successful remote work.
Remote work demonstrated a positive association with job performance.
No significant association was found between remote work and emotional exhaustion.

Conclusions:

Successful remote work implementation requires attention to both technological and organizational support, alongside individual employee factors.
Organizations and governments should prioritize technical support to facilitate effective remote work.
Remote work can enhance job performance without necessarily leading to increased emotional exhaustion.