Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

1.8K
In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
1.8K
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

299
Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
299
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

3.0K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
3.0K
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

510
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
510
Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

2.6K
Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma
2.6K
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

345
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
345

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A genome-wide meta-analysis identifies a sex-specific genetic effect for platelet aggregation in response to agonists.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Prenatal Substance Exposure and Birth Weight: Findings From the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study.

Pediatrics·2026
Same author

Metabolic syndrome severity is related to perceived discrimination and stress in the all of us cohort.

Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology·2026
Same author

Free testosterone independently predicts metabolic syndrome severity in U.S. adolescent girls aged 12-19 years.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2026
Same author

Long-Term Outcomes Associated With Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Hip Fracture Surgery: A Retrospective Comparison of Medicare Data.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
Same author

Prenatal Subjective Social Status as a Predictor of Breastfeeding Outcomes.

Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation
06:15

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

998

Changes in Critical Bronchiolitis After COVID-19 Lockdown.

Jose Cardenas1, Charlene Pringle1, Stephanie L Filipp2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.

Cureus
|June 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The 2021 bronchiolitis surge saw more pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions, with older patients more likely to have respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and coinfections. Disease severity and length of stay did not differ from historical patterns.

Keywords:
bronchiolitiscovid-19pediatric critical carerespiratory syncytial virus (rsv)severity of diseasetrendviral coinfections

More Related Videos

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
09:03

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Published on: November 7, 2020

5.0K
An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient
07:16

An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient

Published on: November 30, 2022

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation
06:15

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

998
Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
09:03

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Published on: November 7, 2020

5.0K
An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient
07:16

An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient

Published on: November 30, 2022

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation strategies, like lockdowns, disrupted typical seasonal patterns of respiratory viruses.
  • Florida experienced an unusual out-of-season surge of bronchiolitis in April 2021, following the lifting of lockdown precautions.
  • Anecdotal observations suggested this surge involved increased poly-viral coinfections and disease severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the out-of-season bronchiolitis surge in April 2021 differed from historical seasonal patterns.
  • To compare patient demographics, viral coinfections, and clinical outcomes between pre-lockdown and post-lockdown bronchiolitis cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center retrospective cohort study compared two 12-week periods: pre-lockdown (December 2019-February 2020) and post-lockdown (March-June 2021).
  • Data included patient demographics, viral coinfections (including respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], coronavirus OC43, human parainfluenza virus [HPIV], and human metapneumovirus [HMPV]), and clinical outcomes.
  • Clinical outcomes assessed included pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay, hospital length of stay, mortality, respiratory support needs, and disease severity scores (PELOD-2, pSOFA).

Main Results:

  • The post-lockdown cohort had more admissions (87 vs. 48) and older patients (mean age 11.2 vs. 6.6 years).
  • RSV infections and poly-viral coinfections were significantly higher in the post-lockdown group.
  • Specific viral detections differed: higher coronavirus OC43 and HPIV, but lower HMPV in the post-lockdown surge. No differences were observed in length of stay or severity scores.

Conclusions:

  • The out-of-season bronchiolitis surge was characterized by an increased number of PICU admissions, predominantly affecting older children.
  • This surge was associated with a higher prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and coinfections with coronavirus OC43 or human parainfluenza virus (HPIV).
  • Despite changes in patient demographics and viral profiles, the length of hospital stay and overall disease severity remained comparable to historical seasonal patterns.