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Updated: Sep 7, 2025

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Needed independent and dependent variables in multi-element behavior support plans addressing severe behavior

Gary W LaVigna1, Elizabeth C Hughes1, Geoff Potter2

  • 1Institute for Applied Behavior Analysis, Los Angeles, CA USA.

Perspectives on Behavior Science
|June 20, 2022
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a multi-element paradigm for behavior support plans, combining proactive and non-aversive reactive strategies to safely manage challenging behaviors in children. The approach successfully reduced problem behavior frequency and severity without restrictive interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Behavior Analysis
  • Applied Behavior Analysis
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Ethical guidelines mandate the use of least aversive and restrictive behavior management strategies.
  • Published behavior analysis studies often lack explicit detail on non-aversive reactive strategies for managing severe incidents.
  • There is a need for clear paradigms integrating proactive and reactive approaches for behavior support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and discuss a multi-element paradigm for behavior support plans.
  • To demonstrate the integration of ecological, positive programming, and focused-support proactive strategies.
  • To highlight the role of non-aversive reactive strategies in rapidly and safely controlling behavioral incidents and reducing episodic severity.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
Episodic severityMulti-element behavior supportNon-aversive reactive strategiesStrategic capitulation

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  • Development of a multi-element paradigm incorporating proactive and reactive strategies.
  • Analysis of three published studies implicitly using non-aversive reactive strategies (NARS).
  • Application of the paradigm to support plans for three preschool children, utilizing comprehensive functional analysis and assessment (CFA) and multi-element behavior support (MEBS) plans.

    • Main Results:

    • Proactive strategies successfully reduced the frequency of problem behavior occurrence.
    • Reactive strategies effectively reduced episodic severity (ES), ensuring rapid and safe control during incidents.
    • The multi-element paradigm led to successful outcomes without resorting to aversive or restrictive procedures.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed multi-element paradigm offers an effective framework for behavior support.
    • Integrating proactive and non-aversive reactive strategies is crucial for managing severe behaviors.
    • Reducing episodic severity alongside behavioral frequency is a vital component of safe and ethical behavior management.