Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Quantifying the administration and monitoring time burden of several disease-modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis in the United Kingdom: A time and motion study.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2024

Same author

Network analysis characterizes key associations between subjective fatigue and specific depressive symptoms in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2022

Same author

A systematic review of European regional and national guidelines: a focus on the recommended use of nabiximols in the management of spasticity in multiple sclerosis.

Expert review of neurotherapeutics·2022

Same author

Clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and perspective.

Brain communications·2021

Same author

The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the Scottish Highlands: Prevalence, incidence and time to confirmed diagnosis and treatment initiation.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2020

Same author

Neurological manifestations of dengue viral infection.

Research and reports in tropical medicine·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Published on: May 19, 2020

Stroke in central nervous system infections.

Francisco Javier Carod-Artal¹

¹Department of Neurology, Sarah Hospital, The Sarah network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasilia DF, Brazil.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology

|June 20, 2022

Summary

Infectious diseases are a significant cause of stroke, particularly in tropical regions. Consider infections like HIV, malaria, and neurocysticercosis in stroke diagnosis.

Keywords:

AIDS infectious diseases neurocysticercosis stroke tuberculosis

More Related Videos

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model

Published on: June 20, 2025

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Published on: February 12, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Published on: May 19, 2020

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model

Published on: June 20, 2025

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Published on: February 12, 2016

Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Stroke etiology varies globally, with infections being a notable cause in developing and tropical countries.
Infectious agents can directly impact the cerebrovasculature or trigger systemic responses leading to stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review infectious diseases associated with stroke.
To highlight the importance of considering infections in stroke differential diagnoses.

Main Methods:

Literature review of infectious diseases linked to cerebrovascular events.
Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms and clinical presentations.

Main Results:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is linked to stroke through vasculopathy, vasculitis, and opportunistic infections.
Viral infections (e.g., Japanese encephalitis, dengue) and parasitic diseases (e.g., cerebral malaria, neurocysticercosis) are significant stroke causes.
Bacterial infections (tuberculous meningitis, Leptospira) and fungal infections can lead to vasculitis, aneurysms, and stroke.

Conclusions:

Infectious and tropical diseases are critical considerations in the differential diagnosis of stroke.
Early recognition and management of infections can prevent or mitigate stroke events.