Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

5.9K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
5.9K
Cancer02:18

Cancer

49.5K
Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
49.5K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

3.9K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.9K
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

7.9K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
7.9K
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

5.1K
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
5.1K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

6.6K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fatal encephalomyelitis outbreak among dairy cows caused by rabies virus phylogroup-1 with co-occurrence of Chlamydia abortus.

Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]·2026
Same author

Phase separation of TRNAU1AP protein sustains selenoprotein translation and promotes glioblastoma tumorigenesis.

Neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Atypical presentation of symptomatic type III popliteal artery entrapment syndrome with resultant popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm formation.

Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques·2026
Same author

Intracerebral hemorrhage risk in glioma patients taking direct oral anticoagulants as compared with low molecular weight heparin.

Neuro-oncology advances·2025
Same author

Amyand's Hernia and the Desarda Repair: A Case Series and Contemporary Review of Management Strategies.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Genomic plasticity and phylogeny of sheeppox and goatpox viruses reveal progressive host and terrestrial adaptation.

Gene·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down
08:59

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down

Published on: December 11, 2017

7.3K

tRNA Function and Dysregulation in Cancer.

Tania Gupta1, Mark G Malkin2,3, Suyun Huang3,4,5

  • 1Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|June 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and their fragments (tiRNAs and tRFs) are crucial in gene expression and cell regulation, impacting cancer development. Understanding tRNA dysregulation offers potential for novel cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
TRFcancerproteintRNAtiRNAtumor

More Related Videos

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes
08:32

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes

Published on: May 23, 2025

451
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Transmembrane Protein Family-Related Markers in Gastric Cancer and Implications for Targeted Therapies
07:47

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Transmembrane Protein Family-Related Markers in Gastric Cancer and Implications for Targeted Therapies

Published on: September 15, 2023

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down
08:59

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down

Published on: December 11, 2017

7.3K
Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes
08:32

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes

Published on: May 23, 2025

451
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Transmembrane Protein Family-Related Markers in Gastric Cancer and Implications for Targeted Therapies
07:47

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Transmembrane Protein Family-Related Markers in Gastric Cancer and Implications for Targeted Therapies

Published on: September 15, 2023

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) is essential for protein synthesis.
  • tRNAs play critical roles in epigenetic regulation and cell processes like proliferation and stress response.
  • Dysregulation of tRNA function is implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of tRNA, tiRNA, and tRFs in tumor development and progression.
  • To highlight the significance of tRNA modifications and stress-induced cleavage.
  • To explore the potential of tRNA-related pathways as therapeutic targets for various cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on tRNA structure, modifications, and cleavage products (tiRNAs, tRFs).
  • Analysis of tRNA involvement in gene expression regulation, including translation repression.
  • Examination of tRNA-related mechanisms in cancer cell proliferation, signaling, and stress response.

Main Results:

  • tRNA modifications are vital for tRNA stability and function.
  • Stress conditions induce tRNA cleavage into tiRNAs and tRFs.
  • tiRNAs can induce stress granule formation, while tRFs regulate gene expression by repressing translation, impacting cell fate.
  • These tRNA-derived small RNAs contribute to tumor development and progression.

Conclusions:

  • tRNA, tiRNA, and tRF functions are intricately linked to cancer progression.
  • Targeting tRNA regulatory pathways may yield effective cancer biomarkers and therapies.
  • Further research into tRNA regulation is crucial for advancing cancer treatment strategies.