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GPCR Desensitization

GPCR Desensitization

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...

Ligand Binding Sites

Ligand Binding Sites

Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...

Protein-protein Interfaces

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...

Conserved Binding Sites

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABA_A Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons

Published on: June 6, 2025

Corrigendum: A Web Server for GPCR-GPCR Interaction Pair Prediction.

Wataru Nemoto^1,2, Yoshihiro Yamanishi³, Vachiranee Limviphuvadh⁴

¹Division of Life Science, Department of Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University (TDU), Hatoyama-machi, Japan.

Frontiers in Endocrinology

|June 20, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study corrects a previous article DOI. The corrected DOI is 10.3389/fendo.2022.825195.

Keywords:

GPCR bioinformatics disease-associated mutation machine learning membrane protein prediction protein-protein interaction web service

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Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons

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Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolism

Context:

Correction of a previously published article DOI.
Ensuring accurate citation for scientific literature.

Purpose:

To provide the correct Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for the article.
To facilitate proper referencing and retrieval of the research.

Summary:

The article DOI has been updated to 10.3389/fendo.2022.825195.
This correction ensures the article is correctly identified.

Impact:

Improves the accuracy of scientific records.
Enhances the retrievability of research findings.