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Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Fungal bioactive macrolides.

Antonio Evidente1

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciense, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy. evidente@unina.it.

Natural Product Reports
|June 20, 2022
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Summary

Fungal macrolides, natural products with diverse biological activities, offer potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and cosmetics. This review details their chemical and biological characterization from 2000-2022, highlighting structure-activity relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Macrolides are a diverse class of natural products characterized by large lactone rings.
  • They are produced by various organisms, including fungi, and exhibit a wide range of biological activities.
  • These activities include antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties, making them valuable in several industries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fungal macrolides isolated between 2000 and 2022.
  • To examine their biological activities, stereochemistry, and structure-activity relationships.
  • To provide a critical evaluation of recent literature in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search using SciFinder.
  • Chemical and biological characterization of fungal macrolides.
  • Analysis of structure-activity relationships.

Main Results:

  • Detailed chemical and biological data for numerous fungal macrolides.
  • Insights into the stereochemistry and biological effects of these compounds.
  • Identification of potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and cosmetics.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal macrolides represent a significant source of bioactive compounds.
  • Their diverse activities and potential applications warrant further investigation.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals.