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Yannick Jaffré

Sante Publique (Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France)

|June 20, 2022

Summary

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Neonatal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa is high due to obstetric issues, diarrhea, and pneumonia. Anthropological study reveals that both healthcare practices and family rituals contribute to neonatal risks, highlighting the need for improved caregiver reflexivity and family dialogue.

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Area of Science:

Medical Anthropology
Public Health
Sociology of Health

Context:

Sub-Saharan Africa faces critically high neonatal mortality rates despite existing healthcare programs.
Key medical causes include obstetric complications, diarrhea, and pneumonia.
Understanding risk requires examining underlying gestures and meaning systems in healthcare and social practices.

Purpose:

To investigate the operational capacities of healthcare actors and identify improvements in common healthcare situations.
To observe and analyze how births, neonatal care, and familial practices are conducted in West Africa.
To identify the concrete attitudes, gestures, and social behaviors contributing to neonatal risk.

Summary:

Fieldwork in five West African countries revealed that neonatal risk stems from a combination of behaviors in both clinical and family settings.

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Midwives' practices often marginalize newborns, leading to dysfunctions like inadequate warming and feeding.

Family social practices, including rituals and administration of products, inadvertently create infectious risks.

A lack of preventive dialogue between healthcare personnel and families exacerbates these risks.

Impact:

Highlights the critical need for anthropological, in vivo, and in situ studies within healthcare services and training.
Emphasizes the necessity of fostering reflexivity among caregivers and initiating newborn-focused professional practices.
Opens avenues for documented dialogues with families to ensure coherent and adapted preventive care, bridging healthcare structures, families, and communities.