Experiences of Athletic Trainers in Tactical Athlete Settings When Managing Patients With Mental Health Conditions

Researchers have demonstrated that job demands impair tactical athletes' mental health. Mental health stigmas in this population and limited resources may prevent individuals from receiving care. Athletic trainers (ATs) are often the first, and sometimes the only, contact for mental health concerns. Previous literature indicated that ATs desired more psychosocial training and experience.

To investigate ATs' preparedness and experiences managing patients with mental health conditions in the tactical athlete setting.

Consensual qualitative research study.

One-on-one, semistructured interviews.

Fifteen ATs (men = 7, women = 8; age = 36 ± 10 years; experience in tactical athlete setting = 4 years [range, 6 months-20 years]; military = 12, law enforcement = 2; fire service = 1).

Interviews followed a 9-question protocol focused on job setting preparation, mental health training, and perceived role managing patients with mental health concerns. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. A 3-person coding team convened for data analysis following the consensual qualitative research tradition. Credibility and trustworthiness were established using a stability check, member checking, and multianalyst triangulation.

Four domains emerged surrounding ATs' mental health management experiences with tactical athletes: (1) population norms, (2) provider preparation, (3) provider context, and (4) structure of job responsibilities. Most ATs felt their educational experiences lacked comprehensive mental health training. Some participants described formal employer resources that were optional or mandatory for their job, whereas others engaged in self-education to feel prepared for this setting. Participants shared that unfamiliar experiences, such as divorce and deployment, influenced their context as providers. Most ATs had no policy related to mental health care and referral, indicating it was outside their responsibilities or they were unsure of role delineation.

For ATs working with tactical athletes, our respondents suggested that additional mental health education and training are necessary. They also indicated that improvement is needed in job structure regarding role delineation and the establishment of policies regarding behavioral health.