Evidence for Intrinsic Foot Muscle Training in Improving Foot Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology
• Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation

Background:

• Intrinsic foot muscles (IFMs) play a crucial role in foot function and stability.
• Limited literature exists on the specific effects of IFM strength training on various foot-related outcomes.
• Understanding the impact of IFM training is vital for developing targeted rehabilitation strategies.

Approach:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus) from January 2000 to March 2022.
• Included studies were randomized controlled trials with at least two weeks of IFM exercise intervention.
• Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, with studies scoring above 4/10 included.

Key Points:

• IFM strength training significantly reduced navicular drop and improved the Foot Posture Index.
• Interventions demonstrated positive effects on balance, strength, and patient-reported disability outcomes.
• No significant improvements were observed for pain reduction; meta-analysis for sensory and motor function was limited.

Conclusions:

• Strength training of the intrinsic foot muscles is an effective intervention for enhancing foot posture, balance, and overall function.
• IFM exercises show promise in improving patient-reported outcomes related to foot disability.
• Further research is warranted to explore the effects of IFM training on sensory and motor performance.