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Aversive Contexts Reduce Activity in the Ventral Subiculum- BNST Pathway.

Louise Urien1, Stacey Cohen1, Sophia Howard1

  • 1Departments of Biology and Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States.

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|June 20, 2022
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Summary

The ventral subiculum (vSUB) to bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) pathway shows altered activation during context fear conditioning. This pathway is crucial for appropriate responses to environmental contexts and may differ between sexes.

Keywords:
BNSTamygdalafear conditioningthreat

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Anxiety Disorders Research

Background:

  • Anxiety disorders involve issues with threat detection and fear regulation, particularly in safe environments.
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exemplifies context processing deficits, with intrusive memories in safe contexts.
  • The ventral subiculum (vSUB) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are key brain regions involved in context processing and anxiety-related behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomical and functional characteristics of the vSUB-BNST pathway.
  • To determine the role of the vSUB-BNST pathway in context fear conditioning and anxiety-related behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Used retrograde tracer cholera toxin to map the vSUB-BNST pathway's topography.
  • Conducted dual retrograde tracing to distinguish projections to the BNST and basolateral amygdala.
  • Employed FOS immunohistochemistry to assess pathway activation during context fear conditioning.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct neuronal populations projecting from vSUB to BNST versus the basolateral amygdala.
  • Observed reduced vSUB-BNST pathway activation in aversive contexts and maximal activation in neutral contexts for both sexes.
  • Found fewer GABAergic neurons in the vSUB of females compared to males.

Conclusions:

  • The vSUB-BNST pathway's activity is modulated by context fear conditioning.
  • This pathway plays a role in generating context-appropriate behavioral responses.
  • Sex differences in vSUB GABAergic neuron populations may influence anxiety-related behaviors.