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Performance of Machine Learning Methods Based on Multi-Sequence Textural Parameters Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Masataka Nakagawa1, Takeshi Nakaura1, Naofumi Yoshida1
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto, Japan.
Rationale And Objectives:
To evaluate the performance of a machine learning method to differentiate malignant from benign soft tissue tumors based on textural features on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).
Materials And Methods:
We enrolled 163 patients with soft tissue tumors whose diagnosis was pathologically proven (71 malignant, 92 benign). All patients underwent mpMRI. Twelve histographic and textural parameters were assessed on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient maps, and contrast-enhanced T1WI imaging. We compared mean signals of all sequences from the malignant and benign tumors using Welch's t-test. Prediction models were developed via a machine learning technique (support vector machine) using textural features of each sequence, clinical information (sex + age + tumor size), and the combined model incorporating all features. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of these models were calculated using fivefold cross validation.
Results:
The diagnostic ability of clinical information model (AUC 0.85) was not inferior to the model with textural features of each sequence (AUC 0.79-0.84). The combined model showed the highest diagnostic ability (AUC 0.89). The AUC of the combined model (0.89) was comparable to those of two board-certified radiologists (0.89 and 0.87).
Conclusions:
Machine learning methods based on textural features on mpMRI and clinical information offer adequate diagnostic performance to differentiate between malignant and benign soft tissue tumors.
