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Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
Neonatal abstinence syndrome and mother's own milk at discharge
Theresa T Nguyen1, Caroline Toney-Noland2, Jadene Wong2
1Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Theretn2@stanford.edu.
Objective:
To describe factors impacting receipt of mother's own milk (MOM) at discharge among California infants diagnosed with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).
Study Design:
Cohort study of the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative's Maternal Substance Exposure Database for infants with NAS and gestational age ≥ 34 weeks from 2019 to 2020.
Result:
245 infants with NAS were identified. Variables with an increased likelihood of being discharged on MOM included maternal medication assisted treatment (p = 0.001), use of maternal addiction services (p < 0.001), receiving donor human milk (p = 0.001), being treated in the well baby unit (p < 0.001), rooming-in (p < 0.001), and kangaroo care (p < 0.001). Among infants with NAS for whom MOM was recommended (n = 84), rooming-in was the only factor associated with being discharged on MOM (p = 0.002); receiving formula was the only inversely associated factor (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Results suggest supporting the mother-infant dyad and using non-pharmacologic treatment methods, such as rooming-in, increase receipt of MOM at discharge.
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