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Very low birth weight infants with congenital heart disease: A multicenter cohort study in Japan

Yasumi Nakashima1, Yoshiki Mori1, Hiroshi Sugiura2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.

Journal of Cardiology
|June 21, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Mortality for very low birth weight infants with congenital heart disease is high, especially with chromosomal anomalies. Sepsis is a significant risk factor for death in these vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Limited data exists on the frequency, mortality, and morbidity of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) in Asian populations.
  • Risk factors for mortality in VLBW infants with CHD remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency of CHD in VLBW infants in Asian countries.
  • To identify risk factors associated with mortality in VLBW infants diagnosed with CHD.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, multicenter cohort study included VLBW infants with CHD born between 2006 and 2010.
  • Infants were followed up to 5 years of age.
  • Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for death.

Main Results:

  • Of 3247 VLBW infants, 126 (3.9%) had CHD. Common CHDs included ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot.
  • Trisomy 18 and 13 were present in 25.4% of VLBW infants with CHD. Overall mortality was 35.7% by 5 years.
  • Serious CHD, sepsis, chromosomal anomalies, and non-invasive treatments were associated with increased mortality. Sepsis remained a significant independent risk factor after excluding chromosomal anomalies.

Conclusions:

  • Chromosomal anomalies like Trisomy 18 and 13 are frequently observed in VLBW infants with CHD.
  • Mortality rates for VLBW infants with CHD remain high, even without chromosomal anomalies.
  • Sepsis significantly contributes to the mortality of VLBW infants diagnosed with congenital heart disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseaseRisk factorsVery low birth infants

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