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Related Concept Videos

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

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Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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A Simple and Practical Method for Fluence Determination in Bench-Scale UV-LED Setups.

Shinya Watanabe1, Kumiko Oguma2

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A new mathematical model and radiometry method accurately determine UV light-emitting diode (UV-LED) fluence rates for water disinfection. This practical approach aids research and development in UV-LED water treatment technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Photochemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Conventional UV water disinfection relies on mercury lamps and collimated light.
  • Accurate UV fluence measurement is crucial for effective microorganism inactivation.
  • UV light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) offer a promising alternative for water treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a simple, practical method for determining UV-LED fluence rates in water disinfection.
  • To validate the proposed method against established measurement techniques.
  • To assess the method's utility in determining microbial inactivation profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mathematical model incorporating radiometry for UV-LED fluence rate calculation.
  • Application of the model to a bench-scale UV-LED water treatment setup.
  • Validation using spectroradiometry and chemical actinometry for comparison.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method showed high agreement with spectroradiometer measurements (R² = 0.999).
  • Excellent concordance (98%) was observed between the method and chemical actinometry.
  • The method successfully determined fluence-response profiles for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a simple and practical way to determine UV-LED fluence in bench-scale setups.
  • This approach can accelerate research and development in UV-LED water treatment.
  • The findings support the broader adoption of UV-LED technology for water disinfection.