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Habit and goal-related constructs in determining toothbrushing behavior: Two sensor-based longitudinal studies.

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Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
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Habit strength significantly influences toothbrushing behavior, complementing intention-based strategies for better oral health routines. Affective attitudes are more impactful than instrumental ones in shaping these habits.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Health Psychology
  • Dual-Process Theory

Background:

  • Understanding determinants of health behaviors like toothbrushing is crucial for effective interventions.
  • Dual-process theories propose that behavior is influenced by both automatic (habit) and controlled (goal-related) processes.
  • Existing research often focuses on intention-based strategies, potentially overlooking the role of habits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of habit strength, intention, and attitude in toothbrushing behavior from a dual-process perspective.
  • To examine these associations at both interindividual and intraindividual levels.
  • To compare self-reported and sensor-measured toothbrushing behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Two longitudinal studies with young adults (N=40 and N=79) were conducted.
  • Participants' toothbrushing behavior was measured using accelerometers and self-reports over several weeks.
  • Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships between habit strength, intention, attitude, and behavior.

Main Results:

  • Habit strength predicted future toothbrushing behavior, supporting the dual-process account.
  • Habit strength moderated the influence of goal-related constructs on self-reported behavior at the interindividual level.
  • Affective attitude was a stronger predictor of toothbrushing behavior than instrumental attitude.

Conclusions:

  • Habit-based interventions should complement intention-based approaches for improving oral health routines.
  • The affective component of toothbrushing is important for behavior change.
  • Sensor-based objective measures offer potential for future research and interventions in oral health behavior.