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Compensatory changes in mammary development and function after hemimastectomy in lactating goats.

C H Knight

    Journal of Reproduction and Fertility
    |March 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Goats partially removed mammary glands showed compensatory milk production increases. This enhanced milk yield and gland cell population persisted throughout lactation, unlike in control goats.

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    Area of Science:

    • Mammary gland physiology
    • Lactation biology
    • Animal science

    Background:

    • Understanding mammary gland plasticity is crucial for optimizing milk production.
    • Previous research has explored compensatory growth in various species, but detailed cellular mechanisms in lactating goats remain less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the compensatory milk yield response in goats following hemimastectomy.
    • To analyze changes in mammary gland size and cellularity (total DNA content) post-surgery.
    • To compare mammary gland cell population dynamics between operated and control goats during lactation.

    Main Methods:

    • Goats underwent hemimastectomy (partial mammary gland removal) at different lactation stages (Weeks 5 or 8).
    • Milk yield of the remaining gland was monitored.

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  • Udder volume and tissue biopsies were used to assess gland size and total DNA content (DNAt) as a measure of cell number.

    • Main Results:

    • Hemimastectomy induced a compensatory increase in milk yield in the remaining gland, ranging up to 50%.
    • Responded glands maintained elevated milk yield throughout lactation.
    • Both gland size and total DNA content increased post-hemimastectomy, indicating cellular proliferation and hypertrophy; cell population was maintained for at least 18 weeks, contrasting with a 35% decrease in controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Goats exhibit significant mammary gland plasticity, capable of substantial compensatory milk production after partial removal.
    • Surgical intervention triggers sustained increases in gland size and cell number, maintaining tissue mass during lactation.
    • These findings highlight the robust regenerative capacity of the lactating mammary gland in goats.